It is difficult to gauge the numeric dimensions of the east african slave trade, in part because unlike the atlantic trade traders produced little documentation and most of the trade existed beyond the view of western observers who account for our usual source for such quantitative data. From the 7th century enslaved africans were taken to the middle east, north africa and india. Britain continued its efforts to abolishing this trade by moving its west african squadron to the persian gulf. The east african slave trade on the other hand, or the indian ocean slave trade as it was also known, was a far more complex and nuanced phenomenon, far older, significantly more widespread, rooted in ancient traditions, and governed by rules very different to those in the western hemisphere. Europeans had become quite addicted to the luxuries of exotic spices, silks and porcelain that could only be found in asia. Having thus examined the present condition and circumstances of the east coast slave trade, and the reasons assignable for its existence, let us proceed to the consideration of some means which may be adopted in mitigation of the evils brought on africa by that trade, or, as suggested by the bishop of mauritius, the employment by christian charity of the same means on the east coast as. In this sense the slave trade was the result of african strength. Within some essays are links to related sections of the website. The transatlantic slave trade was brought to an end in the mid 1800s, at a time, eltis claims, when slaves were fetching record prices suggesting that its demise was influenced by moral considerations developing beliefs and culture of the country. There was increasing concern about the unregulated slave trade from east africa to the middle east and to the islands in the indian office. Slavery and slave trade in west africa, 14501930 patrick manning. The move to end slave trading was not always welcomed by those african nations. This paper offers an integrated analysis of the forces shaping the emergence of the african slave trade over the early modern period. The trade was conducted through slave markets in the middle east, north africa and the horn of.
The slavetrade must be seen in the context of earlier, wellestablished, and profitable long distance trade which was based overwhelmingly on ivory. The transatlantic slave trade minister of arts and culture. Arab slave trade simple english wikipedia, the free. Moreover, the controversial status of swahili populations in the modern states of east africa, and more generally the. The slave trade of east africaappendix wikisource, the. Comparing the african slave trade in the east and west handout attached overview of the transatlantic slave trade handout attached overview of the transsaharan slave trade handout attached venn diagram attached pens, pencils, markers computer paper. African rulers had been engaged in slavery for many centuries already, capturing slaves for their own use or for sale to the middle east. Gujarati traders were already crisscrossing the ocean for biashara with the swahili coast of eastern africa. Comparing the african slave trade in the east and west handout attached overview of the transatlantic slave trade handout attached overview of the trans. African slaves in the arab world posted gmt 1032006 14. It is difficult to gauge the numeric dimensions of the east african slave trade, in part. The portuguese slave trade in early modern japan merchants. Central africa development of the slave trade britannica. District courts in the states of alabama, georgia, north carolina, and south carolina 5780 jonesboro road morrow, georgia 30260 770 9682100 morrow.
The slave trade of east africa wikisource, the free online library. Ask students in small groups to make a list of the groups that played a role in the slave trade. A number of characteristics of africa s slave trades make them distinct from previous slave trades. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. The history and legacy of the arab slave trade and the indian. Eastern africa and shipped either to the middle east and india or to plantation islands in the indian ocean. The distinguishing feature of the malagasy slave trade in the nineteenth century was the coexistence of two competitive slave networks, the one feeding malagasy slaves to meet the demand of longdistance and regional markets in the western indian ocean, and the other channelling malagasy war captives and east african slaves on to the markets of imerina. Inform students that in 2003, a conference on arabled slavery of africans was. This anthology, based on an academic conference, includes chapters with wide geographic coverage of the indian ocean slave trade from east africa to the red sea, the persian gulf, madagascar, and the mascarenes.
In the indian ocean slave trade, slaves were taken from eastern africa and shipped either to the middle east and india or to plantation islands in the indian ocean. In the red sea slave trade, slaves were taken from inland of the red sea and shipped to the middle east and india. Slavery and the slave trades in the indian ocean and arab worlds. Madagascar and the slave trade, 181018951 cambridge core. Some descendants of african slaves brought to the middle east during the slave trade still live there today, and are aware of their african origins. Publication date 1874 topics slave trade publisher. They also campaigned against slavery in india and east africa. Where the slaves came from, as well as where they settled and how many there. The central african slave trade continued into the 19th century, however. The economic, political, and social impact of the atlantic slave trade on africa. In east africa a slave trade was well established before the europeans arrived on the scene.
Europeans bought slaves, they did not obtain them through europeanled raids. The slave trade and the origins of mistrust in africa. The slave trade of east africa wikisource, the free online. Slave trade and slavery on the swahili coast 15001750 halshs. Nairobi, 1967, and half a dozen other titles suggested therein for further. Transsaharan slave trade history of world civilization ii.
The east african slave trade, historical association of. The african slave trade a selection of cases from the records of the u. This is mainly in western asia, north africa, southeast africa, the horn of africa. Indian ocean slave trade, slaves were taken from eastern africa and shipped.
The 19th century islamic slave trade from east africa swahili and red sea coasts. Multiple forms of slavery and servitude have existed throughout african history and were shaped by indigenous practices of slavery as well as the roman institution of slavery citation needed and the later christian views on slavery, the islamic institutions of slavery via the arab slave trade, and eventually the atlantic slave trade. The portuguese moved back into northern central africa when the french trade declined, and brazil bought more slaves than ever before from central africa in the first half of the century, continuing to use slaves until the 1880s. Estimates because the voyages database is built from those documents of the slave trade that have.
The transatlantic slave trade was essentially a triangular route from europe to africa. It delves into the past only because otherwise it would be impossible to understand how the present came into being and what the trends are for the near future. Slave trade in east africa began after the arrival of portuguese in 15 th century up to 1873 during the sayyid barghash treaty or free treaty. Although the number of slaves traded in the indian ocean never reached the level of the west african atlantic slave trade, european abolitionists focused a substantial portion of their efforts in the 19th century on zanzibar. So, the slave trade was cyclical, with certain parts of africa coming to prominence during certain eras of the trade. In east africa neither of these conditions was matched. This is a short history of africa excluding egypt, ethiopia and dutch and british south africa, which are the subjects of separate histories. Two dimensions to slavery and the slave trade there were two dimensions to slavery and the slave trade in precolonial africa, an external and internal dimension. The arab slave trade was the practice of slavery in the arab world, mainly in western asia, north africa, east africa, and certain parts of europe such as iberia and sicily during their period of domination by arab leaders. Arab slave trade refers to the practice of slavery in the arab world. The indian ocean stretches between the east coast of africa and the west coast of india. The east african slave trade, 18611895 however, austen, like so many africanists before him, misses the vital role of madagascar in the east african slave trade. V historic personalities who fought against the black slave trade, slaves.
Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading the east african slave trade. Slavery and the slave trades in the indian ocean and arab. Winner of the portuguese academy of history award gulbenkian foundation award in history 2019 in the portuguese slave trade in early modern japan. The rise and fall of the slave trade openlearn open. How europe underdeveloped africa abahlali basemjondolo. The east african slave trade reached its peak during this period, as a result of the european capitalist plantation slavery system. Unfortunately for them, muslim traders had a complete monopoly over the trade routes to the far east. The causes and consequences of africas slave trades.
Article pdf available january 2006 with 1,757 reads how we measure reads. In the slave trade today, on sean ocallaghan toured the mideast and africa and covertly visited many slave markets. East africa s forgotten slave trade over several centuries countless east africans were sold as slaves by muslim arabs to the middle east and other places via the sahara desert and indian ocean. Thomas vernet to cite this version hal archive ouverte. Abolition the act the abolition of the slave trade act was passed on 25 march 1807, declaring that from the 1 may 1807 all manner of dealing and reading in the purchase, sale, barter, or transfer of slaves or of persons intending to be sold, transferred, used, or dealt with. Slaves dominated the west african trade from the first. Slave capturing was essentially an african venture, with africans playing the roles of enslavers and enslaved.
Nc civic education consortium database of k12 resources. The eastern slave trade between the middle east, north africa. After a few minutes of brainstorming, ask for the students responses. In 1450, a west african population of perhaps 20 to 25 persons million lived in relative stability. The history and legacy of the arab slave trade and the indian ocean slave trade at. Pdf the economic, political, and social impact of the. Although the atlantic slave trade was the shortest in duration, it was the largest and. Aug 21, 20 having thus examined the present condition and circumstances of the east coast slave trade, and the reasons assignable for its existence, let us proceed to the consideration of some means which may be adopted in mitigation of the evils brought on africa by that trade, or, as suggested by the bishop of mauritius, the employment by christian charity of the same means on the east coast as have. Because the slave trade resulted in a longterm deterioration of legal and political institutions, the residents of heavily affected regions may now. During the transatlantic slave trade alone, approximately 12 million. Slavery and the slave trades in the indian ocean and.
Mozambique and the ngoni people scattered across east, central and southern africa were all familiar with the institution of slavery. African slaves ended up as sailors in persia, pearl. By the 18th and 19th centuries, the east african slave trade network came to be dominated by european colonialists. Nc standards for world university of north carolina at. Concerning east africa, the missionary ex plorer dr. People traded were not limited to a certain race, ethnicity, or religion. Exactly one hundred years have passed since granville sharpe gave to the world the result of his enquiries. Slavery and the british transatlantic slave trade the national.
Slavery and the slave trade in eastern africa preliminary mss submitted on 2 april 2014 to unescos volume on forced migration of africans, to appear on unescos website for the slave. The longterm effects of africas slave trades center for effective. The trade was focused on the slave markets of the middle east, north africa and the horn of africa. It figures prominently in the earliest reference to trading activities on the east african coast.
Coast guard deck logs related to the vietnam era will be closed for research at the national archives at atlanta starting on october 28, 2019, due to a digitization agreement with the department of veterans affairs. Europeans had long been familiar with parts of africa. Guide the discussion to include the following groups. Since islam allows for slavery and slave trading, he was able to see much of the real world of islamic slavery. European traders loaded african captives at dozens of points on the african coast, from senegambia to angola and round the cape to mozambique. The map shows the ottoman empire in 1801, which then extended from turkey anatolia to greece, hungary, bulgaria, romania, as well as northern africa and parts of middle east. The malagasy market for east african slaves is noted by duffy, alpers, and capela, but none indicate its extent, while only alpers attempts an explanation for its existence. This eastern slave trade was different to the slave trade across the atlantic ocean the transatlantic slave trade from africa to the americas and the. It was driven by the sultanates of the middle east. Smallpox spreads to asia minor, the area of presentday turkey.
Moreover, as i would like to argue below, the rise of the african slave trade is also a clear example of an institution whose evolution is endogenous to the socioeconomic environment. Indian ocean and middle eastern slave trades african. He claims that the east african slave trade had been continuous and massive. Slavery and slave trade within east africa were well established before the. Thus, studies of the east african slave trade and the use of slaves have emphasized omani participation and influence as well as french demand.
How did the eastern slave trade compare with the atlantic slave trade. The abolition of the slave trade act was passed on 25 march 1807, declaring that. Some of the history of these countries, however, is naturally mentioned in this history of the rest of africa but is kept to the minimum needed to make the rest comprehensible. The largest and most studied of the slave trades is the transatlantic trade slave trade, where beginning in the. East african coastal cities participated in a larger afroasian trade network a thousand years before vasco da gama peeked around the cape of good hope to find the way to sail to india. He worked for a succession of the sultans of zanzibar. Some of the people shipped out of africa as slaves were returned and resettled in countries like liberia and sierra leone after the abolition of slave trade. The 19th century islamic slave trade from east africa. Sudan, the coast of east africa from ethiopia to mozambique, the salhelian. First, the total volume of slaves traded was unprecedented. David livingstone proposed the 3 cs colonization, christianity and commerce as the only way of ending slavery and slave trade. It was once part of the route for a slave trade known as the oriental or eastern slave trade. The east african slave trade the east indies the places.
The arab muslim slave trade of africans, the untold story. The institution of slavery in zanzibar and pemba the web site. The longterm effects of africas slave trades harvard university. All three of the images below depict european images of africa from the late middle ages and the renaissancebefore the slave trade. Intra african trade in context a frica, which covers approximately 30 million square kilometers, is the secondlargest con. European slave traders, arab slave traders, african slave traders, tribal chiefs, american. The slavetrade must be seen in the context of earlier, wellestablished, and profitable long distance trade which was based. The history and legacy of the arab slave trade and the indian ocean slave trade kindle edition by charles river editors. However, a significant number of former slaves remained and. The origins of the african slave trade can be traced back to the age of exploration in the 15th century. The three eras themselves also form a palimpsest, with. This in turn increased demand for slavegrown products in some arab countries which adopted the european capitalist plantation slavery system, such as zanzibar. The transatlantic slave trade was an oceanic trade in african men, women, and children which lasted from the midsixteenth century until the 1860s. Indian ocean slave trade, slaves were taken from eastern africa and shipped either to the middle east and india or to plantation islands in the indian ocean.
Slavery and the slave trade in eastern africa preliminary mss submitted on 2 april 2014 to unescos volume on forced migration of africans, to appear on unescos website for the slave route project. The spread and eradication of smallpox smallpox cdc. Like arab sources, european documents rarely refer to slaves and the slave trade during the sixteenth and. Trade in east africa a very short introduction to a very. Smallpox is thought to arrive to the area from asia through major trade routes, like the silk road.
The the hidden history of arab slave trade of africans. All three of the images below depict european images of. Walter rodney 1973 preface this book derives from a concern with the contemporary african situation. Eastern africa and shipped either to the middle east and india. European and muslim buyers would meet african slave providers in trading posts and. Slave trade and slavery on the swahili coast, 15001750 39 the african interior. East african ivory is soft ivory and is ideal for carving, and was always in great demand. Walter rodney 1973 how europe underdeveloped africa. It also includes parts of europe such as iberia and sicily beginning during the era of the muslim conquests and continuing into the 20th century. The plantations were established in the americas instead, and the expensive transatlantic slave trade was necessary to bring them labour. The economics of the indian ocean slave trade in the nineteenth century. This population, while divided into numerous ethnic, linguistic, and political. This includes a wide range of documents from across the national archives.
314 1340 815 1115 1130 258 599 1194 1222 815 354 14 774 475 1052 644 1429 485 1201 1387 907 376 391 481 964 538 240 133 435 329